The Multiple Dimensions of Confucian Relational Ethics and the “Way of Being With”

To reduce Confucian ethics to a “hierarchy of association” or to say that it is incapable of dealing with the problems of strangers is to only see that Confucian ethics stipulates different treatments for kin relations and the sexes. However, this fails to see the multiple different dimensions of Confucian ethics. In fact, the Confucians established universal relational ethics, rationality of social engagement, and a “way of being with” in the interpersonal relationships that are obtained between the self and others. This kind of ethics was not only effective in ancient society, but it is also effective at dealing with the problems of the modern “society of strangers”: it has a universal applicability. Beginning from two Confucian stories, and drawing on records of Confucius and his disciples in the Analects alongside supporting passages from the Mengzi and the Xunzi, this essay elucidates the notions of how self and other should treat each other, how wise people should know themselves and others, how benevolent people should love themselves and others, to argue that Confucianism possesses a universal relational ethics and a “way of being with”, and that the multiple dimensions of Confucian ethics cannot be reduced to just one